Lecture 5- 22 Sept 2010
Atherosclerosis
Today
Impact of diet on:
Lipids
Lipoproteins
Metabolism of lipids/lipoproteins
-pathways/receptors
Response to injury-lipid oxidation/blood pressure/infection
Platelets
Other diseases precipitating atherosclerosis
Conclusions
I. Lipids
Saturated fatty acids-elevates blood serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol except stearic acid (18:0)
Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (here referring to 18:1n-9 oleic acid)- lowers blood serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)- lowers blood serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol
-dramatically lowers blood serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol
II. Lipoproteins
HDLC LDLC VLDLC
CM
Saturated fat
D
U
U prolonged ppl
Mufa
U
D
D
?
Pufas
U
D
D ?
w 6
U
D
D ?
w 3
U?
D
D decreased
ppl
CHO D/U D/U D/U D/U
(type of CHO)
symbols
U= increased blood serum levels
D=decreased
blood serum levels
?=uncertain
ppl-post-prandial
lipemia
MUFA=Oleic
acid
CHO-Carbohydrate
III. Metabolism of lipids/lipoproteins-pathways/receptors
LCAT LPL LDL
Receptor
Saturated fat D D D
Mufa U U U
Pufas U U U
w 6 U U U
w 3 U U U
Proteins Yes Yes Yes
CHO D/U D/U D/U
(TYPE)
IV. Response to Injury-Lipid oxidation/Infection/blood pressure
Saturated fat NO Q U
Mufa D Q Q
Pufas
w6 U Q D/U
w3 U/D Q D
Proteins D/U D/U D/U
Minerals D D/U D/U
Mn/Se
Vitamins D D/U D/U
b-carotene, C, E
D=decreased levels
U=increased levels
Q = questionable
V. Platelets-aggregation
Saturated fat U
Mufa D (OLEIC)
Pufas
w6 U/D
w3 D
D=decreased levels of aggregation
U=increased levels of aggregation
VI. Other Diseases precipitating Atherosclerosis-Diabetes/End stage renal disease(ESRD)
Saturated fat U U
Mufa D Q
Pufas
w6 D/U D/U
w3 D/U D/U
CHO D/U D/U
Proteins D/U D/U
D = DECREASE RISK OF PATHOLOGY OR PATHOLOGY ITSELF
U= INCREASE RISK OF PATHOLOGY OR PATHOLOGY ITSELF
VII. Conclusions
Next Day- How Nutraceuticals (eg borage oil) and Functional foods (eg fish) impact on :
I. Lipids
II. Lipoproteins
III. Metabolism of lipids/lipoproteins-pathways/receptors
IV. Response to Injury-Lipid oxidation/Infection/blood pressure
V. Platelets
VI. Other Diseases precipitating Atherosclerosis-Diabetes/ESRD
Metabolism of Lipids
-HDL- apo A-I and the LCAT reaction
-removal of cholesterol from the arterial wall
-LPL reaction and the role of apo C-II and C-III
-inverse relation of LPL activity and HDLc
-VLDL and chylomicrons decrease and HDLc increases
-LDL receptors- and blood serum LDL cholesterol levels
-Fatty acids-omega 3 and 6 paths- relevant to next 2 lectures when we start in on nutrition, nutraceuticals and functional foods relative to atherosclerosis
Response to Injury-injury due to lipid oxidation/blood pressure/infection
-LDL-oxidation-what does it mean
-oxidation induces cell death and reduces endothelial contribution to vasodilation
-Blood pressure-LDL- results in increased blood pressure due to blockage of arterial lumen and as well LDL oxidation resulting in reduced endothelial contribution to vasodilation
-bacterial and viral infection disrupting endothelial cell membrane
Platelets-aggregation slide reminder
-review omega 3 and 6 pathways
-when the platelet is stimulated by collagen
platelet arachidonic acid (AA) produces derivatives that cause aggregation
platelet dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) produces derivatives of DGLA that decrease platelet clumping
platelet eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that produces derivatives of EPA that decrease platelet clumping
also platelet DGLA and EPA reduce platelet content of AA-what is the impact of this on platelet aggregation?
-total amount of triglyceride and cholesterol as well as different fatty acids to name but a few
Next lecture- more on diet and atherosclerosis
-functional foods and atherosclerosis
-nutraceuticals and atherosclerosis