Lecture 3701-lecture 27
12 November 2010
Have enough safe(disease and contaminant free) and nutritious food to meet requirements of the world population so that population is healthy to the extent that appropriate (not under- or over-) nutrition supports such health
Safe food means that the food does not provide health hazard
disease
E-coli- water and pasture story
salmonella
parasites
prions
contaminants
pesticides
herbicides
mercury, lead and other heavy metals
industrial chemicals such as benzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins
Nutritious food means that one means the following requirements for nutrients
Adequacy-diet provides sufficient energy and enough of the nutrients to meet the needs of healthy and ill persons across all age ranges
Balance-enough but not too much of a given food meet the needs of healthy and ill persons across all age ranges – meats are rich in iron but poor in calcium, milk is rich in calcium but is poor in iron
-therefore must have a balance of meat and milk in this example
Kcal(energy) control-adequate balanced diet without overeating requires careful planning
Nutrient density-foods that give most nutrients per energy yield of food
Moderation-eat empty kcal foods sparingly
Variety- eating different foods in different food groups to avoid boredom in eating same thing everyday
Carelessness, politics or apathy on the part of individuals, governments and corporations
Eg. paper mill in northern Ontario-industry
Eg. Water- some have suggested Ontario government was at fault in Walkerton
Salmonella outbreaks in church functions in Ontario-personal
Avoid carelessness, politics or apathy on the part of individuals, governments and corporations
Eg. paper mill in northern Ontario-industry- better self regulation
Eg. Water- some have suggested Ontario government was at fault in Walkerton- Ontario has tightened the watchdog rule
Salmonella outbreaks in church functions in Ontario-personal
Ontario has regulated church dinners
Hunger, poverty and population growth-not having enough food causes people to be less productive which produces poverty and hence less education which in some culture causes people to have more children to support them in their old age
Most of the population growth is occurring in impoverished areas of the world
Loss of food producing land- due to drought and possible global warming as the result of greenhouse gas formation- increased temperatures dry out the earth and increased temperatures make it more difficult for plants to grow
Accelerating use of fossil fuels with the attendant pollution of water, air and soil-effect on human health and nutrient requirements to meet the changed physiological state of the diseased persons?
World climate change is inducing drought and floods causing loss of crops animals and peoples homelands
Ozone loss- due to chlorinated compounds from industry-increased ultraviolet radiation-this affects ability of plants and animals to grow reproduce and act as an adequate supply of nutrients for humans
Water loss-pollution by people and industry, increased drought due to increased temperatures
Hunger, poverty and population growth-
Hunger- feeding programmes including food banks and government aid
-more education gives better jobs
-research into reducing land use and government regulations arising from that research
-increase food producing land-
research into climate change and application of Kyoto protocol to Loss of food producing land
-decrease fossil fuel use(application of Kyoto protocol)- research into and application of alternative fuels such as hydrogen cell
Ozone repletion- decreased ultraviolet radiation- brought about by reduction of emission of chlorinated compounds into the atmosphere
Water loss-tighter regulation and education surrounding pollution –other measures listed above to decrease drought due to increased temperatures
Poverty
Social programmes(locally) and world aid(globally)
Promotion of family planning clinics
Providing opportunities for education
Providing low interest loans to start businesses
Population growth
Promotion of family planning clinics
Providing opportunities for education
Providing low interest loans to start businesses
Availability, corporate and government policies
-availability of high caloric foods
-corporate promotion of high caloric foods
-lack of government policy on high caloric foods and physical activity
patterns
-lack of education
-Availability of high caloric foods- really nothing that can be done here
-Corporate- shaming into changing their choices to at least include healthy choices- story of American chap and McDonalds
-Government policy
- restricting tax breaks to corporate offenders until they clean up their act
- increased research into obesity and application of that research
- changes in physical and food education policies in the schools