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Nutrition 207

 

Laboratory 9

 

3 March 2011

 

e.g. Type II diabetes

 

Presentation of mock survey data (results do not reflect necessarily all sampled populations). Do you see any possible errors in the presented data? (if so what might cause such error?). As well you can add your own mock data from your surveys.

 

Assess the causes (including dietary and socioeconomic) and relative risk of this disease in a selected Cape Breton subpopulation.

 

 

I.     Socioeconomic factors contributing to the diseases

               Personal preference-45 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics prefer high fat convenience foods

               Habit- 90 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics like empty kcal foods every day

   Ethnic heritage or tradition-56 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics like high fat prepared meats

               Social interaction-66 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics overeat at parties

  Availability of food- 85 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics regularly get their food at convenience stores

               Convenience of food- 45 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics like high fat, high salt convenience foods

            Economy of food- 70 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics think that fruits and vegetables are too expensive

               Positive and negative associations-

Positive- 82 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics overeat during celebrations

Negative-25 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics eat in accordance with Canada’s four food groups

               Emotional conflict- 66 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics overeat when they feel stressed

               Values- 73 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics do not care about losing weight feeling they are going

                                to die anyway so they may as well enjoy life

               Body image- 73 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics are happy being overweight

               Advertising­- 72 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics say they find the temptation to eat fast food occurs when they see advertisements pushing fast food for a cheap price and high taste impact

 


 

   Prestige

-occupational- 95 percent of pre-onset type 2 diabetics feel that the multi-million dollar salaried head of a fast food company only has the best interests of consumers at heart

-societal perceptions- 92 percent of pre- onset type 2 diabetics say that they believe the chairman of a fast food outlet chain when she says that her brand of fast food is nutritious

-education- 80 percent of pre- onset type 2 diabetics have less than a secondary school diploma

 

    Power- a government health agency is pressured by a major fast food corporation to allow misleading advertising to go ahead for cash donations in the next election campaign

 

    Income- 5.2 percent of those with an income of less that $ 20,000 per year per family(4 people) have type 2 diabetes

 

    Wealth- 2.5 percent of those with a value of $300,000 or more have type 2 diabetes

                             Value is what you own or have in cash minus what you owe

 

     Education- 62 percent of those with a least one post-secondary degree or diploma do not have type 2 diabetes

 

                Social stratification

-ancestry-8.2 percent of those with an ancestry where type 2 diabetes is widespread have type 2 diabetes

 

                                    -gender-50 percent of those with type 2 diabetes are male

 

-race-8.2 percent of those of a race where type 2 diabetes is widespread have type 2 diabetes

 

-ethnicity-7.5 percent of those with an ethnicity where well paying jobs are frequently denied have type 2 diabetes

 

-mobility-7.6 percent of those who cannot reach food stores that provide a variety of nutritionally sound choices have type 2 diabetes

 

-mental and physical illnesses- 15 percent of those with mental and physical illnesses(other than type 2 diabetes)  have type 2 diabetes

 

 

 

 

Class

                           -uppers-10 % of the  type 2 diabetic population are uppers

 

                           -lower uppers-10 % of the type 2 diabetic population are lower uppers

 

-upper middles-10 % of the type 2 diabetic population are upper middles

 

-average middles-10 % of the type 2 diabetic population are average middles

 

-working class-30 % of the type 2 diabetic population are working class

 

                            -lower class-30 % of the type 2 diabetic population are lower class

 

 

Global economy- world wide statistics reflect those given in this laboratory

 

Government- 10 % of those with type 2 diabetes followed Canada’s food guide pre-onset

 

Business-advertising campaigns indicating the benefits of large serving sizes of fast foods are responsible for 10 % of the cases of type 2 diabetes

 

Psychology- anorexia bulimia patients account for 7 percent of the type 2 diabetes cases

 

History-those groups with a history of alternating periods of feast and famine constitute all 5.5 percent of those with type 2 diabetes in a given population

 

 

 

 

 


 

III.                First Nations and other Cape Breton individuals at risk

 

Cape Breton European descent- 3.5 percent have type 2 diabetes

Cape Breton Aboriginal descent 5.5 percent have type 2 diabetes

Canadian population as a whole-2.5 percent have type 2 diabetes

 

 

IV.       How is nutritional assessment made relative to type II diabetes?

             Nutrient Intake Analysis- 40 % carbohydrate, 50 % fat, 10 % protein (percentage contributions to energy intake post-onset)

 

             Daily Food Record/Diary-40 % carbohydrate, 50 % fat, 10 % protein (percentage contributions to energy intake post-onset)

 

             Retrospective Data-40 % carbohydrate, 50 % fat, 10 % protein (percentage contributions to energy intake post-onset)

 

             24 hour recall-40 % carbohydrate, 50 % fat, 10 % protein (percentage contributions to energy intake post-onset)

 

Anthropometry- BMI = 40, waist circumference 125 cm (on average) post-onset

 

            Nutrition focussed physical exam-average weight= 125 kg

                                                                 -average height= ? m

 

            Biochemical analysis- see laboratory 3

                                             

            Classifying Malnutrition-80 % of type 2 diabetics are obese