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Nutrition 207

Laboratory session 3

13 January 2011

            Pre-lab lecture

                        Non-diabetics

Normal blood glucose management and hence normal haemoglobin glycosylation

                        Type I diabetes

Lack of insulin and hence abnormal glucose management and hence abnormal haemoglobin glycosylation

                        Type II diabetes-Metabolic syndrome

                                    Obesity-particularly central obesity -define in terms of BMI

                                    Elevated blood pressure

Insulin resistance and hence abnormal glucose management and hence abnormal haemoglobin glycosylation

Dyslipidemia including decreased anti-oxidant protection of low density blood lipoproteins

                                    Elevated platelet reactivity

Blood sugar in response to a meal in non-diabetic and type I and II diabetic subjects

            Introduction

Why is blood glucose of significance in humans, how is it  controlled and why is such control of importance?

            Hypothesis

                                    What would one hypothesise to be the differences in blood sugar response between the 3 groups and  why?

            Objective

            Methods

How does one measure blood glucose in response to meal (blood taking and meal timing relative to one another)

                        How does one measure blood glucose?

            Results

When does blood glucose concentration peak after a meal in each of the 3 groups? What does AUC mean and what is its significance? Which group shows the most rapid rise, the most rapid decline and the most prolonged elevated blood glucose state?

            Discussion

                         Explain your results

            Conclusions

What would one conclude about blood sugar concentrations in response to a meal between the 3 groups? What are the ramifications (significance) of the results?

All measures for fasting and fed state for type II diabetes (answers will be given to you in class-do not include these answers in your laboratory report except as may be pertinent to producing your laboratory report).

-blood insulin concentration- how is it measured and what are the differences between the fasted and fed state?

-blood glucose concentration- what are the differences between the fasted and fed state?

-haemoglobin glycosylation- how is it measured and what are the differences between the fasted and fed state?

-BMI and blood insulin concentration-what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-BMI and blood glucose concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-BMI  and haemoglobin glycosylation- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood lipids’ concentration and blood insulin concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood lipids’ concentration and blood glucose concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood lipids’ concentration and haemoglobin glycosylation- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

 -blood lipoproteins’  concentration   and blood insulin concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood lipoproteins’ concentration and blood glucose concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood lipoproteins’ concentration and haemoglobin glycosylation- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood pressure and blood insulin concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood pressure and blood glucose concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-blood pressure and haemoglobin glycosylation-what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

 -platelet reactivity and blood insulin concentration- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-platelet reactivity and blood glucose concentration­- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?

-platelet reactivity and haemoglobin glycosylation- what is their relationship to each other in type 2 diabetes and what are the differences in that relationship between the fasted and fed state?